Building an artificial cell is a research area that is rigorously studied in the field of synthetic
biology. It has brought about much attention with the aim of ultimately constructing a natural …

Cell-free systems offer a promising approach to engineer biology since their open nature
allows for well-controlled and characterized reaction conditions. In this review, we discuss …

Multicellular organisms rely on intercellular communication to coordinate the behaviour of
individual cells, which enables their differentiation and hierarchical organization. Various …

We report the construction of artificial cells that chemically communicate with mammalian
cells under physiological conditions. The artificial cells respond to the presence of a small …

The cell cytosol is crowded with high concentrations of many different biomacromolecules,
which is difficult to mimic in bottom-up synthetic cell research and limits the functionality of …

The construction of energetically autonomous artificial protocells is one of the most
ambitious goals in bottom-up synthetic biology. Here, we show an efficient manner to build …

“Synthetic cells” research focuses on the construction of cell-like models by using solute-
filled artificial microcompartments with a biomimetic structure. In recent years this bottom-up …

In this work we review the latest strategies for the bottom-up assembly of energetically
autonomous artificial cells capable of transducing light energy into chemical energy and …

Prebiotically‐plausible compartmentalization mechanisms include membrane vesicles
formed by amphiphile self‐assembly and coacervate droplets formed by liquid–liquid phase …

Rationale Cell‐free transcription‐translation (TXTL) is becoming a popular technology to
prototype and engineer biological systems outside living organisms. TXTL relies commonly …