Abstract Recently, additive manufacturing (AM), being part of IR4. 0, received great attention
for the fabrication of customized implants with outstanding quality, which are used in hard …

Current solutions developed for the purpose of in and on body (IOB) electrical stimulation
(ES) lack autonomous qualities necessary for comfortable, practical, and self‐dependent …

There has been an escalation in reports over the last decade examining the efficacy of bone
marrow derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSC) in bone tissue engineering and …

Skeletal disorders are among the leading debilitating factors affecting millions of people
worldwide. The use of stem cells for tissue repair has raised many promises in various …

Bone is a unique tissue that is capable of repairing itself after damage. However, there are
certain instances of fractures and defects that require clinical intervention for proper …

Copper is an indispensable trace metal element in the human body, which is mainly
absorbed in the stomach and small intestine and excreted into the bile. Copper is an …

The process of bone repair and regeneration requires multiple physiological cues including
biochemical, electrical and mechanical-that act together to ensure functional recovery …

A biologically-validated biodegradable material must comfortably stay in the physiological
environment it is placed in, before finally disappearing over the intended period of time with …

Bone plates play a vital role in bone fracture healing by providing the necessary mechanical
fixation for fracture fragments through modulating biomechanical microenvironment adjacent …

The intention of the current article is to review the epidemiology with related socioeconomic
costs, pathophysiology, and treatment options for diaphyseal long bone delayed unions and …