Examination of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis via cortisol among
individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been a growing area of research …

The adolescent transition is marked by increases in stress exposure and significant
maturation of neural and hormonal stress processing systems. Variability in the development …

The field of behavioral neuroendocrinology has only begun to explore the lived experiences
of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people exposed to stigma. In light of escalating …

Saliva is an emerging biofluid with a significant number of applications in use across
research and clinical settings. The present paper explores the reasons why saliva has …

Substantial research has implicated the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) and
hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal (HPG) axes independently in adolescent mental health …

Objective To assess the role of estradiol and testosterone in men with migraine. Methods We
measured 17β-estradiol (E2) and calculated free testosterone (Tf) in serum of 17 medication …

Adolescence is a period of stressful physiological and psychosocial changes. Exposure to
chronic stress can cause specific structural and functional changes in an organism, which …

In 1956, Seymour Levine and colleagues (Levine, Chevalier, & Korchin, 1956) took a group
of infant rats and subjected them to mild shocks every day. They then compared the pups' …

Two independent lines of inquiry suggest that growing up under conditions of contextual
adversity (eg, poverty and household chaos) accelerates aging and undermines long-term …

Atypical regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a putative mechanism
underlying the association between exposure to early life stress (ELS) and the subsequent …