The evolution of the circulatory system from invertebrates to mammals has involved the
passage from an open system to a closed in-parallel system via a closed in-series system …

The suite of adaptations associated with the extreme stature of the giraffe has long
interested biologists and physiologists. By generating a high-quality chromosome-level …

With its iconic appearance and historic popular appeal, the giraffe is the world's tallest living
terrestrial animal and the largest ruminant. Recent years have seen much-needed new …

Background Videographic material of animals can contain inapparent signals, such as color
changes or motion that hold information about physiological functions, such as heart and …

The origins of giraffe's imposing stature and associated cardiovascular adaptations are
unknown. Okapi, which lacks these unique features, is giraffe's closest relative and provides …

Background In children being taller is associated with higher blood pressure (BP), but few
studies have divided height into its components: trunk and leg length. We examined the …

Gravity affects the physiology of many animals, and the effect is, for good reason, most
pronounced in tall species. The physiology—in particular, cardiovascular function—of …

Understanding of the factors involved in determining the level of central arterial blood
pressure in mammals has been clouded by inappropriate allometric analyses that fail to …

Giraffids first arose eight million years ago during the Miocene period, and fossil evidence
suggests that the family was once much more extensive, with over 10 fossil genera …

Objective—To determine whether a difference existed in Doppler ultrasonographic
measurements of systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP) in sitting versus laterally recumbent …