Extracellular vesicles (EVs), comprising exosomes and microvesicles, are small
membranous structures secreted by nearly all cell types. They have emerged as crucial …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of
origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate …

Due to the critical limitations of conventional antitumor agents, great efforts have been made
to develop advanced drug delivery systems to enhance the therapeutic outcomes of …

Parasites are responsible for the most neglected tropical diseases, affecting over a billion
people worldwide (WHO, 2015) and accounting for billions of cases a year and responsible …

Mature red blood cells (RBCs) lack internal organelles and canonical defense mechanisms,
making them both a fascinating host cell, in general, and an intriguing choice for the deadly …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) provide a central mechanism of cell–cell communication. While
EVs are found in most organisms, their pathogenesis-promoting roles in parasites are of …

Background A very large biomass of intact asexual-stage malaria parasites accumulates in
the spleen of asymptomatic human individuals infected with Plasmodium vivax. The …

Chagas disease, caused by the protozoa parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is a neglected
tropical disease and a major public health problem affecting more than 6 million people …

The immune system consists of various cells, organs, and processes that interact in a
sophisticated manner to defend against pathogens. Upon initial exposure to an invader …

Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) play important roles in hemostasis and
thrombosis. There are three major types of PEVs described based on their size and …