Bipedalism is a hallmark of being human and the human foot is modified to reflect this
unique form of locomotion. Leonardo da Vinci is credited with calling the human foot “a …

Current knowledge of the evolution of the postcranial skeleton in the genus Homo is
hampered by a geographically and chronologically scattered fossil record. Here we present …

Abstract The Sima de los Huesos (SH) site is the largest accumulation of human remains
from the Middle Pleistocene known to date. Studies in the last two decades have proposed …

Here, we provide a complete, updated, and illustrated inventory, as well as a comprehensive
study, of the tarsals (rearfoot) recovered from the Middle Pleistocene site of Sima de los …

Abstract The Neanderthal remains from Shanidar Cave, excavated between 1951 and 1960,
have played a central role in debates concerning diverse aspects of Neanderthal …

This study provides a complete, updated and illustrated inventory, as well as a
comprehensive study, of the metatarsals and foot phalanges (forefoot) recovered from the …

The postcranial skeleton of fossil hominins is crucial for reconstructing the processes that
occurred between the time of death and the recovery of the bones. Thousands of postcranial …

In this study, a new Early Pleistocene proximal hand phalanx (ATE9-2) from the Sima del
Elefante cave site (TE–Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain), ascribed to Homo sp., is presented and …

The analysis of patterns of integration is crucial for the reconstruction and understanding of
how morphological changes occur in a taxonomic group throughout evolution. These …

Fracture pattern analysis implement the taphonomic information obtained and it help
understanding the largest accumulation of human remains from the Middle Pleistocene …