Significance: Radiation therapy (from external beams to unsealed and sealed radionuclide
sources) takes advantage of the detrimental effects of the clustered production of radicals …

Non-targeted effects (NTE) have been generally regarded as a low-dose ionizing radiation
(IR) phenomenon. Recently, regarding long distant abscopal effects have also been …

Second primary malignancies (SPMs) occurring after oncological treatment have become a
major concern during the past decade. Their incidence has long been underestimated …

For many years, targeted DNA damage caused by radiation has been considered the main
cause of various biological effects. Based on this paradigm, any small amount of radiation is …

There is much evidence supporting the existence of bystander effects in cells that were
never exposed to radiation. Directly irradiated cells and bystander cells can communicate …

The term radiation-induced bystander effect is used to describe radiation-induced biological
changes that manifest in unirradiated cells remaining within an irradiated cell population …

Exposure of cells to any form of ionizing radiation (IR) is expected to induce a variety of DNA
lesions, including double strand breaks (DSBs), single strand breaks (SSBs) and oxidized …

While radiation health risks at low doses have traditionally been estimated from high-dose
studies, we have reviewed recent literature and concluded that the mechanisms of action for …

A rapidly growing body of experimental evidence indicates that ionizing radiation induces
biological effects in non-irradiated bystander cells that have received signals from adjacent …

Not-targeted effects represent a paradigm shift from the “DNA centric” view that ionizing
radiation only elicits biological effects and subsequent health consequences as a result of …