Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is an emerging strategy that aims to mitigate climate
change by increasing the alkalinity of seawater. This approach involves increasing the …

Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) refers to the multistep process of monitoring
the amount of greenhouse gas removed by a Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) activity and …

To limit global warming to below 2° C by 2100, CO2 removal from the atmosphere will be
necessary. One promising method for achieving CO2 removal at scale is ocean alkalinity …

Atmospheric carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is considered an essential component of
climate change mitigation—as a supplement to emission reductions. Marine CDR methods …

We present the mass balances associated with carbon dioxide (CO2) removal (CDR) using
seawater as both the source of reactants and as the reaction medium via electrolysis …

One of the greatest threats facing the planet is the continued increase in excess greenhouse
gasses, with CO2 being the primary driver due to its rapid increase in only a century. Excess …

The deliberate increase of ocean alkalinity (referred to as Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement or
OAE) has been proposed as a method for removing CO 2 from the atmosphere. Before OAE …

Minimizing anthropogenic climate disruption in the coming century will likely require carbon
dioxide removal (CDR) from Earth's atmosphere in addition to deep and rapid cuts to …

The Paris Agreement to limit global warming to well below 2° C requires ambitious emission
reduction and the balancing of remaining emissions through carbon sinks, ie the …

Recent concern about the consequences of continuing increases in atmospheric CO 2 as a
key heat-trap** agent (USGCRP, 2017; IPCC, 2021) have prompted ocean experts to …