Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and three-dimensional organoids have ushered in a
new era for disease modeling and drug discovery. Over the past decade, significant …

Neural stem cells (NSCs) undergo massive molecular and cellular changes during neuronal
differentiation. These include mitochondria and metabolism remodelling, which were …

Patients with primary mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) defects present with
fatigue and multi-system disorders, are often lean, and die prematurely, but the mechanistic …

Highlights•The human cerebral cortex is characterized by a protracted post-natal
development (neoteny) compared with other species.•The species-specific rate of cortical …

Mitochondria are essential organelles for neuronal function and cell survival. Besides the
well-known bioenergetics, additional mitochondrial roles in calcium signaling, lipid …

Mitochondria account for essential cellular pathways, from ATP production to nucleotide
metabolism, and their deficits lead to neurological disorders and contribute to the onset of …

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diseases are multi‐systemic disorders caused by mutations
affecting a fraction or the entirety of mtDNA copies. Currently, there are no approved …

Organoids are self-organized, three-dimensional structures derived from stem cells that can
mimic the structure and physiology of human organs. Patient-specific induced pluripotent …

Mitochondria are organelles with recognized key roles in cellular homeostasis, including
bioenergetics, redox, calcium signaling, and cell death. Mitochondria are essential for …

Major life transitions are always difficult because change costs energy. Recent findings have
demonstrated how mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) defects increase the …