Agricultural development, extensive industrialization, and rapid growth of the global
population have inadvertently been accompanied by environmental pollution. Water …

Reversible electrochemical processes are a promising technology for energy-efficient water
treatment. Electrochemical desalination is based on the compensation of electric charge by …

Water has always been crucial to combustion and hydroelectric processes, but it could
become the source of power in membrane-based systems that capture energy from natural …

Rapid population growth and industrial development have propelled water resources to the
forefront of challenges facing modern societies. While water covers about two thirds of the …

Reverse osmosis (RO) desalination has become a prominent desalination method for fresh-
water production from either saline seawater or brackish water to meet the ever-growing …

The salinity gradient between seawater and river water is a clean energy source and an
alternative solution for the increasing energy demands. A membrane-based reverse …

A capacitive deionization process utilizing flow-electrodes (FCDI) was designed and
evaluated for use in seawater desalination. The FCDI cell exhibited excellent removal …

As an approach to harvesting sustainable energy from ambient conditions, the osmotic
energy between river water and seawater contributes to solving global issues such as the …

Desalination by capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging technology for the energy-and
cost-efficient removal of ions from water by electrosorption in charged porous carbon …

Combining two solutions of different composition releases the Gibbs free energy of mixing.
By using engineered processes to control the mixing, chemical energy stored in salinity …