The neutral beam injection systems for the international fusion experiment ITER used for
heating, current drive, and diagnostic purposes are based on RF-driven negative hydrogen …

In this Tutorial, we consider plasma sources with applications to fusion devices and high
energy accelerators. These ion sources typically produce negative ions from hydrogen …

ITER envisages the use of two heating neutral beam injectors plus an optional one as part of
the auxiliary heating and current drive system, to reach the desired performances during its …

ITER's NBI systems are a first of its kind system with very challenging targets for the RF-
driven ion source and the acceleration stage. In a step ladder approach, the ion source test …

SPIDER experiment includes an RF inductively coupled plasma source working at 0.3 Pa of
gas pressure (H/D) where plasma is generated and heated by eight RF drivers, fed by four …

SPIDER is the prototype negative ion source of the heating neutral beam injectors for ITER.
As required by the ITER injector design, the SPIDER beam source is entirely contained …

Magnetic field plays an essential role in negative ion-driven neutral beam injectors (NBIs),
being necessary to counteract the inevitable interaction between electrons and negative …

Modern high-power negative hydrogen ion sources rely predominantly on the surface
production of negative hydrogen ions. Hence, low work function converter surfaces are …

Radio frequency (RF) negative hydrogen ion sources utilized in fusion and for accelerators
use inductively coupled plasmas, which are operated at a low driving frequency, high power …

This book discusses the physics and applications of negative hydrogen/deuterium (H−/D−)
ion sources in the context of magnetic confinement fusion research and high-energy proton …