The three-dimensional printing (3DP) also known as the additive manufacturing (AM), a
novel and futuristic technology that facilitates the printing of multiscale, biomimetic, intricate …

Advancements in polymer science and engineering have helped the scientific community to
shift its attention towards the use of environmentally benign materials for reducing the …

Abstract Hydroxyapatite (HAp), a well-known biomaterial, has witnessed a remarkable
evolution over the years, transforming from a simple biocompatible substance to an …

Poly (lactic acid)(PLA) is considered the most promising biobased substitute for fossil-
derived polymers due to its compostability, biocompatibility, renewability, and good …

As an emerging science, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine focus on develo**
materials to replace, restore or improve organs or tissues and enhancing the cellular …

Population ageing and various diseases have increased the demand for bone grafts in
recent decades. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) using a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold …

Bioprinting is an innovative and emerging technology of additive manufacturing (AM) and
has revolutionized the biomedical sector by printing three-dimensional (3D) cell-laden …

Bone defects stand out as one of the greatest challenges of reconstructive surgery. Fused
deposition modelling (FDM) allows for the printing of 3D scaffolds tailored to the morphology …

Triply periodic minimum surfaces (TPMS), which outperform other structures in terms of bulk
moduli and relative density, have been widely used to dramatically improve the mechanical …

Abstract Poly (lactic acid)(PLA) with good biodegradability, biocompatibility and
processability has a wide application prospect in bone tissue engineering. However, PLA …