Cell refractive index is a key biophysical parameter, which has been extensively studied. It is
correlated with other cell biophysical properties including mechanical, electrical and optical …

Many species of fungi and oomycetes are plant pathogens of great economic importance.
Over the past 7 years, the genomes of more than 30 of these filamentous plant pathogens …

Parasites and infectious diseases are everywhere and represent some of the most potent
forces sha** the natural world. They affect almost every aspect imaginable in the life of …

Bacterial, oomycete and fungal plant pathogens establish disease by translocation of
effector proteins into host cells, where they may directly manipulate host innate immunity. In …

From 2006 through 2015, a research project on Durable Resistance in potato against
Phytophthora (DuRPh) was carried out at Wageningen University and Research Centre. Its …

Blastocystis is a common parasite of the human large intestine but has an uncertain role in
disease. In this review, we appraise the published evidence addressing this and its …

Exported proteins of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum interact with proteins of the
erythrocyte membrane and induce substantial changes in the morphology, physiology and …

Effectors are essential virulence proteins produced by a broad range of parasites, including
viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, protozoa, insects and nematodes. Upon entry into host …

Plant pathogenic oomycetes secrete a diverse repertoire of effector proteins that modulate
host innate immunity and enable parasitic infection. Understanding how effectors evolve …

A broad range of parasites rely on the functions of effector proteins to subvert host immune
response and facilitate disease development. The notorious Phytophthora pathogens …