The concepts, methodologies and applications of some of the major molecular or DNA
markers commonly used in plant science have been presented. The general principles of …

Understanding the relationship between genetic variation and biological function on a
genomic scale is expected to provide fundamental new insights into the biology, evolution …

Background Microsatellite (simple sequence repeat–SSR) and single nucleotide
polymorphism (SNP) markers are two types of important genetic markers useful in genetic …

The International Knockout Mouse Consortium (IKMC) introduces its targeted constructs into
C57BL/6N embryonic stem cells. However, breeding with a Cre-recombinase and/or Flp …

This book has been written to meet the needs of students for biotechnology courses at
various levels of undergraduate and graduate studies. This book covers all the important …

Dysregulation of brain serotonin contributes to many psychiatric disorders. Tryptophan
hydroxylase-2 (Tph2), rather than Tph1, is preferentially expressed in the brain. We report a …

The genes ABCC8 and KCNJ11, which encode the subunits sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1)
and inwardly rectifying potassium channel (Kir6. 2) of the β-cell ATP-sensitive potassium …

The tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system–polymerase chain (ARMS–PCR)
reaction is a simple and economical method to genotype single-nucleotide polymorphisms …

The basal ganglia support learning to exploit decisions that have yielded positive outcomes
in the past. In contrast, limited evidence implicates the prefrontal cortex in the process of …

A complex interaction of signalling events, including the Wnt pathway, regulates sprouting of
blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature during angiogenesis. Here we show that two …