Proteoforms, which arise from post-translational modifications, genetic polymorphisms and
RNA splice variants, play a pivotal role as drivers in biology. Understanding proteoforms is …

One gene can give rise to many functionally distinct proteoforms, each of which has a
characteristic molecular mass. Top-down mass spectrometry enables the analysis of intact …

Human biology is tightly linked to proteins, yet most measurements do not precisely
determine alternatively spliced sequences or posttranslational modifications. Here, we …

From a molecular perspective, enactors of function in biology are intact proteins that can be
variably modified at the genetic, transcriptional, or post-translational level. Over the past 30 …

A proteoform is a defined form of a protein derived from a given gene with a specific amino
acid sequence and localized post‐translational modifications. In top‐down proteomic …

Several mechanisms have been proposed for histone marks to exert their functions,
including altering the physical properties of nucleosomes by neutralization of charge via …

An Orbitrap-based ion analysis procedure determines the direct charge for numerous
individual protein ions to generate true mass spectra. This individual ion mass spectrometry …

Beyond the genetic code, the human proteome is greatly diversified by genetic variations,
alternative splicing of RNA transcripts, and post-translational modifications (PTMs). 6, 7 In …

Top-down mass spectrometry (MS) analyzes intact proteins at the proteoform level, which
allows researchers to better understand the functions of protein modifications. Recently, top …

Amyloid-beta (Aβ) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but little
is known about the proteoforms present in AD brain. We used high-resolution mass …