Many microorganisms live in the form of a biofilm. Although they are feared in the medical
sector, biofilms that are composed of non-pathogenic organisms can be highly beneficial in …

Oxidizing agents are low-molecular-weight molecules that oxidize other substances by
accepting electrons from them. They include reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as …

Ionically conductive hydrogels can be used to produce wearable devices because of their
mechanical flexibility and intelligent sensing. However, utilizing petrochemical or synthetic …

Bacillus subtilis as microbial fertilizers contribute to avoiding the harmful effects of traditional
agricultural fertilizers and pesticides. However, there are many restrictions on the practical …

Emulsion gels were prepared utilizing corn starch (CS), sodium alginate (SA), and corn oil
through calcium ion induction for animal-fat analogs. The influence of oil concentration on …

Although Type I photosensitizers with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics
have thrived as alternative tools for cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT) thanks to their …

Bacterial biofilms are highly abundant 3D living materials capable of performing complex
biomechanical and biochemical functions, including programmable growth, self‐repair …

The twenty-first century will be the century of biology. This is not only because of
breakthrough advances in molecular biology tools but also because we need to reinvent our …

Biofilms are aggregated bacterial communities structured within an extracellular matrix
(ECM). ECM controls biofilm architecture and confers mechanical resistance against shear …

Living active collectives have evolved with remarkable self-patterning capabilities to adapt to
the physical and biological constraints crucial for their growth and survival. However, the …