The paper presents an extended review of our knowledge and understanding of turbulence
in a superfluid (4 He and 3 He-B), a system in which turbulent flow can be greatly influenced …

Turbulence in superfluid helium is unusual and presents a challenge to fluid dynamicists
because it consists of two coupled, interpenetrating turbulent fluids: the first is inviscid with …

We describe a technique, using thin lines of triplet-state He 2* molecular tracers created by
femtosecond-laser field ionization of helium atoms, for visualizing the flow of the normal fluid …

We demonstrate that an unusually small pipe flow apparatus using both liquid helium and
room temperature gases can span an enormous range of Reynolds numbers. This paper …

Abstract The 4/5-law of turbulence, which characterizes the energy cascade from large to
small-sized eddies at high Reynolds numbers in classical fluids, is verified experimentally in …

Quantum turbulence in superfluid 4 He is studied by the attenuation of second sound in flow
channels of 7-mm and 10-mm side square cross sections, and 115-mm length. The ends of …

Liquid H e 4 at pressures P 0= 0.5–30 bars and temperatures T 0= 1.5–4.2 K is discharged
into vacuum through two different 2 μ m nozzles. The velocities of the beam of particles obey …

The paper presents a comprehensive characterization of well-developed vortex tangles in a
turbulent counterflow in quantum fluids (with a laminar normal fluid component). We perform …

Generalizing the prior work of PW Anderson and ER Huggins, we show that a “detailed
Josephson-Anderson relation” holds for drag on a finite body held at rest in a classical …

The concept of''effective viscosity''$\nueff $ of superfluid helium, widely used to interpret
decaying turbulence, is tested in the steady-state case. We deduce $\nueff $ from …