Diabetes is a disease characterized by a relative or absolute lack of insulin, leading to
hyperglycaemia. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, also commonly known as the unfolded
protein response (UPR), is an adaptive response used to align ER functional capacity with …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a progressive disease that is characterized by the appearance of
insulin resistance. The term insulin resistance is very wide and could affect different proteins …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a critical site of protein, lipid, and glucose metabolism,
lipoprotein secretion, and calcium homeostasis. Many of the sensing, metabolizing, and …

In pancreatic β-cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important cellular compartment
for insulin biosynthesis, which accounts for half of the total protein production in these cells …

A low plasma level of HDL cholesterol is an atherosclerotic risk factor; however, emerging
evidence suggests that low HDL levels might also contribute to the pathophysiology of type …

Although stem cell populations mediate regeneration of rapid turnover tissues, such as skin,
blood, and gut, a stem cell reservoir has not been identified for some slower turnover …

The phenomenon of lipid-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction (“lipotoxicity”) has been very
well documented in numerous in vitro experimental systems and has become widely …

Islet amyloid accumulation is a hallmark of human type 2 diabetes (T2D). In contrast to
human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP), murine islet amyloid polypeptide (mIAPP) does …

In patients with type 2 diabetes, pancreatic beta cells progressively degenerate and
gradually lose their ability to produce insulin and regulate blood glucose. Beta cell …