This review focuses on neuropeptides and peptide hormones, the largest and most diverse
class of neuroactive substances, known in Drosophila and other animals to play roles in …

Neuropeptides and peptide hormones are ancient, widespread signaling molecules that
underpin almost all brain functions. They constitute a broad ligand-receptor network, mainly …

Bilateria have bilateral symmetry and are subdivided into Deuterostomia (animals like
vertebrates) and Protostomia (animals like insects and mollusks). Neuropeptides occur in …

In nervous systems, there are two main modes of transmission for the propagation of activity
between cells. Synaptic transmission relies on close contact at chemical or electrical …

ASIC channels are bilaterian proton-gated sodium channels belonging to the large and
functionally-diverse Deg/ENaC family that also includes peptide-and mechanically-gated …

Placozoans are the simplest known free-living animals without recognized neurons and
muscles but a complex behavioral repertoire. However, mechanisms and cellular bases of …

Neuropeptides are diverse signaling molecules in animals commonly acting through G-
protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Neuropeptides and their receptors underwent extensive …

Highlights•Neuropeptide signaling forms a chemical connectome overlaid on synaptic
circuits.•Studies on nonbilaterians have revealed nonsynaptic actions of neuropeptides.• …

The DEG/ENaC family of ion channels was defined based on the sequence similarity
between degenerins (DEG) from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and subunits of the …

Ion channels of the degenerin (DEG)/epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) family serve diverse
functions ranging from mechanosensation over Na+ reabsorption to H+ sensing and …