Co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the leading cause of death in individuals
infected with HIV-1. It has long been known that HIV-1 infection alters the course of M …

Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (HIV/AIDS) constitute the main burden of infectious disease in resource-limited …

Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV co-infections place an immense burden on health care systems
and pose particular diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Infection with HIV is the most …

SUMMARY A syndemic is defined as the convergence of two or more diseases that act
synergistically to magnify the burden of disease. The intersection and syndemic interaction …

Transient worsening of tuberculous symptomatology and lesions following antituberculous
therapy (paradoxical response) has previously been described as a rare occurrence. To …

The prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) has increased worldwide, in part due
to the HIV epidemic. Epidemiology data have demonstrated that HIV-infected individuals are …

Globally, about 36.7 million people were living with HIV infection at the end of 2015. The
most frequent infection co-occurring with HIV-1 is Mycobacterium tuberculosis—374,000 …

The rate of progression of HIV disease may be substantially different among HIV-infected
individuals. Following infection of the host with any virus, the delicate balance between virus …

The source of increasing viremia that characterizes the latter stages of human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease has remained a paradox because it occurs at a time …

The life cycle of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is intricately related to the
activation state of the host cells supporting viral replication. Although cellular activation is …