Upcoming and planned experiments combining increasingly intense lasers and energetic
particle beams will access new regimes of nonlinear, relativistic, quantum effects. This …

This paper reviews Vlasov-based numerical methods used to model plasma in space
physics and astrophysics. Plasma consists of collectively behaving charged particles that …

The present white paper is submitted as part of the “Snowmass” process to help inform the
long-term plans of the United States Department of Energy and the National Science …

We review the present theoretical and numerical understanding of magnetic field
amplification in cosmic large-scale structure, on length scales of galaxy clusters and beyond …

In recent years, exciting developments have taken place in the identification of the role of
cosmic rays in star-forming environments. Observations from radio to infrared wavelengths …

Non-thermal particles and high-energy radiation can play a role in the dynamical processes
in star-forming regions and provide an important piece of the multiwavelength observational …

Star formation is a complex multi-scale phenomenon that is of significant importance for
astrophysics in general. Stars and star formation are key pillars in observational astronomy …

In this chapter, we review some features of particle acceleration in astrophysical jets. We
begin by describing four observational results relating to the topic, with particular emphasis …

The discovery of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos and the first hints of coincident
electromagnetic and neutrino emissions opened new opportunities in multi-messenger …

We report on a∼ 5σ detection of polarized 3–6 keV X-ray emission from the supernova
remnant Cassiopeia A (Cas A) with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). The …