Global ocean physical and chemical trends are reviewed and updated using seven key
ocean climate change indicators:(i) Sea Surface Temperature,(ii) Ocean Heat Content,(iii) …

The Atlantic gateway to the Arctic Ocean is influenced by vigorous inflows of Atlantic Water.
The high-latitude impacts of these inflows have strengthened owing to climate change …

Enhanced warm, salty subarctic inflows drive high-latitude atlantification, which weakens
oceanic stratification, amplifies heat fluxes, and reduces sea ice. In this work, we show that …

Abstract The Arctic Ocean is a focal point of climate change, with ocean warming,
freshening, sea‐ice decline, and circulation that link to the changing atmospheric and …

An important yet still not well documented aspect of recent changes in the Arctic Ocean is
associated with the advection of anomalous sub-Arctic Atlantic-and Pacific-origin waters and …

The Arctic Ocean's Beaufort Gyre is a dominant feature of the Arctic system, a prominent
indicator of climate change, and possibly a control factor for high-latitude climate. The state …

The Arctic has warmed dramatically in recent decades, with greatest temperature increases
observed in the northern Barents Sea. The warming signatures are not constrained to the …

Ocean models predict a decline in the dissolved oxygen inventory of the global ocean of one
to seven per cent by the year 2100, caused by a combination of a warming-induced decline …

Abstract The Arctic Ocean is a fundamental node in the global hydrological cycle and the
ocean's thermohaline circulation. We here assess the system's key functions and …

Sea ice in the Arctic is one of the most rapidly changing components of the global climate
system. Over the past few decades, summer areal extent has declined over 30%, and all …