Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide.
Since DR was first recognized as an important complication of diabetes, there have been …

Diabetes mellitus has profound effects on multiple organ systems; however, the loss of
vision caused by diabetic retinopathy might be one of the most impactful in a patient's life …

The blood–retina barrier (BRB) is the term used to define the properties of the retinal
capillaries and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which separate the systemic circulation …

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for about 10% of all strokes in the United States of
America causing a high degree of disability and mortality. There is initial (primary) brain …

Abstract Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2. 1.1) are widely distributed metalloenzymes in
both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. They efficiently catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon …

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the major cause of vision loss in diabetic persons.
Alteration of the blood–retinal barrier is the hallmark of this disease, characterized by …

In patients with diabetes, atherosclerosis is the main reason for impaired life expectancy,
and diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy are the largest contributors to end-stage renal …

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2. 1.1) are ubiquitous metallo-enzymes, present
throughout most living organisms and encoded by five evolutionarily unrelated gene …

Breakdown of the inner endothelial blood-retinal barrier (BRB), as occurs in diabetic
retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusions, uveitis and other …

The management of diabetic retinopathy (DR) has evolved considerably over the past
decade, with the availability of new technologies (diagnostic and therapeutic). As such, the …