Aim and objective Emerging translational evidence suggests that epigenetic alterations
(DNA methylation, miRNA expression, and histone modifications) occur after external stimuli …

Alcohol affects many organs, including the immune system, with even moderate amounts of
alcohol influencing immune responses. Although alcohol can alter the actions of all cell …

Background Alcohol abuse triggers neuroinflammation, leading to neuronal damage and
further memory and cognitive impairment. Few satisfactory advances have been made in the …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression
at the post-transcriptional level and that play an important role in many cellular processes …

The emerging roles of microglia are currently being investigated in the healthy and diseased
brain with a growing interest in their diverse functions. In recent years, it has been …

Alcohol consumption and stress increase brain levels of known innate immune signaling
molecules. Microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, and neurons respond to alcohol …

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the most prevalent type of chronic liver disease worldwide.
ALD can progress from alcoholic fatty liver (AFL) to alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH), which is …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are innate immunity sensors that
provide an early/effective response to pathogenic or injury conditions. We have reported that …

Background Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is emerging as an important component of
neurodegeneration. TLR7 senses viral RNA and certain endogenous miRNAs to initiate …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical mediators of posttranscriptional regulation via their
targeting of the imperfect antisense complementary regions of coding and non-coding …