We update the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) analysis of global surface
temperature change, compare alternative analyses, and address questions about …

This review of late-Holocene palaeoclimatology represents the results from a
PAGES/CLIVAR Intersection Panel meeting that took place in June 2006. The review is in …

El Niño events differ substantially in their spatial pattern and intensity. Canonical Eastern
Pacific El Niño events have sea surface temperature anomalies that are strongest in the far …

Do corals form their skeletons by precipitation from solution or by attachment of amorphous
precursor particles as observed in other minerals and biominerals? The classical model …

As one of the most abundant materials in the world, calcium carbonate, CaCO3, is the main
constituent of the skeletons and shells of various marine organisms. It is used in the cement …

This third edition of Reconstructing Quaternary Environments has been completely revised
and updated to provide a new account of the history and scale of environmental changes …

Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes (δ18O and δ13C values) and trace elements have been
applied to the study of diagenesis of carbonate rocks for over 50 years. As valuable as these …

A surface reaction kinetic model is developed for predicting Ca isotope fractionation and
metal/Ca ratios of calcite as a function of rate of precipitation from aqueous solution. The …

This introductory textbook introduces the basics of dating, the range of techniques available
and the strengths and limitations of each of the principal methods. Coverage includes: the …

Carbonate rocks and natural waters exhibit a wide range in the concentration and isotopic
composition of strontium. This wide range and the quantifiable covariation of these …