In birds, accumulating energy is far slower than spending energy during flight. During
migration, birds spend, therefore, most of the time at stopover refueling energy used during …

Most songbird migrants travel between their breeding areas and wintering grounds by a
series of nocturnal flights. The exact nocturnal departure time for these flights varies …

Background Songbirds following distinct migration strategies (eg long-vs. short-to medium-
distance migrants) often differ in their speed of migration during autumn and, thus, are …

In captivity, migratory birds show increased activity during the time that they would normally
migrate. The phenology and intensity of such 'migratory restlessness' has been shown to …

Billions of birds migrate long distances to either reach breeding areas or to spend the winter
at more benign places. On migration, most passerines frequently stop over to rest and …

The behavioral decisions of migratory songbirds during migration stopovers can markedly
influence the pace, efficiency, and success of migration. An individual's fuel stores are …

Most migrating birds need to stopover in between flights in order to refuel. Lately, additional
purposes of stopover have been suggested, including physiological recovery from …

Migratory flight is physiologically highly demanding and has been shown to negatively affect
multiple parameters of constitutive immune function (CIF), an animal's first line of …

Migrating birds make stopovers to rest and fuel to prepare for their next flight. The decision
when to continue migration significantly affects total duration of migration and thus arrival …

In both captive and free-living birds, the emergence of the migratory phenotype is signalled
by rapid and marked increases in food intake and fuelling, as well as changes in amount of …