Orofacial motor actions are movements that, in rodents, involve whisking of the vibrissa,
deflection of the nose, licking and lap** with the tongue, and consumption through …

Central oscillators are primordial neural circuits that generate and control rhythmic
movements,. Mechanistic understanding of these circuits requires genetic identification of …

The breathing rhythm serves as a reference that paces orofacial motor actions and
orchestrates active sensing. Past work has reported that pacing occurs solely at a fixed …

Cerebellar computations are necessary for fine behavioural control and may rely on internal
models for estimation of behaviourally relevant states. Here, we propose that the central …

The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC), a key primary generator of the inspiratory breathing
rhythm, contains neurons that project directly to facial nucleus (7n) motoneurons to …

The brainstem houses neuronal circuits that control homeostasis of vital functions. These
include the depth and rate of breathing 1, 2 and, critically, apnea, a transient cessation of …

Abstract Background The order Rodentia is the largest group of mammals. Diversification of
vocal communication has contributed to rodent radiation and allowed them to occupy …

Muscular hydrostats, such as the elephant trunk, can perform precise motor actions. A new
study has revealed that the elephant trunk contains a dense network of tiny muscle fascicles …

Rhythmic motor behaviors are generated by neural networks termed central pattern
generators (CPGs). Although locomotor CPGs have been extensively characterized, it …

Recombinant optogenetic and chemogenetic proteins that manipulate neuronal activity are
potent tools for activating and inhibiting neuronal circuit function. However, there are few …