Due to the inherent rigidity of hard materials, the adaptability and flexibility of traditional
robots are limited. Recently, soft robots became one of the most attractive areas. The …

Bioelectronics have made strides in improving clinical diagnostics and precision medicine.
The potential of bioelectronics for bidirectional interfacing with biology through continuous …

Head‐mounted displays for virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) allow users to
see highly realistic virtual worlds. The wearable haptics that enable feeling and touching …

We review the emergence of the new field of organ-on-a-chip (OOAC) engineering, from the
parent fields of tissue engineering and microfluidics. We place into perspective the tools and …

Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) are soft electromechanical devices that exhibit large
energy densities and fast actuation rates. They are typically produced by planar methods …

Acting at high speed enables creatures to survive in their harsh natural environments. They
developed strategies for fast actuation that inspire technological embodiments like soft …

Biological motions of native muscle tissues rely on the nervous system to interface
movement with the surrounding environment. The neural innervation of muscles, crucial for …

An ensemble of in vitro cardiac tissue models has been developed over the past several
decades to aid our understanding of complex cardiovascular disorders using a reductionist …

The heart is vital for biological function in almost all chordates, including humans. It beats
continually throughout our life, supplying the body with oxygen and nutrients while removing …

Abstract Heart-on-a-chip (HoC) has emerged as a highly efficient, cost-effective device for
the development of engineered cardiac tissue, facilitating high-throughput testing in drug …