The global carbon budget is, of course, balanced. The conservation of carbon and the first
law of thermodynamics are intact.“Balancing the carbon budget” refers to the state of the …

The recent warming in the Arctic is affecting a broad spectrum of physical, ecological, and
human/cultural systems that may be irreversible on century time scales and have the …

With accumulation of carbon cycle observations and model developments over the past
decades, exploring interannual variation (IAV) of terrestrial carbon cycle offers the …

This latest Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC) will again form the standard scientific reference for all those concerned with climate …

The terrestrial biosphere can release or absorb the greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide
(CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), and therefore has an important role in …

This chapter addresses the biogeochemical cycles of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4),
and nitrous oxide (N2O). The three greenhouse gases have increased in the atmosphere …

Atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations are at unprecedented, record-high
levels compared to the last 800 000 years. Those elevated GHG concentrations warm the …

Temperature data over the past five decades show faster warming of the global land surface
during the night than during the day. This asymmetric warming is expected to affect carbon …

A global network of ground-based Fourier transform spectrometers has been founded to
remotely measure column abundances of CO2, CO, CH4, N2O and other molecules that …

Accurate accounting of emissions and removals of CO 2 is critical for the planning and
verification of emission reduction targets in support of the Paris Agreement. Here, we …