Levulinic acid (LA) and its valuable derivatives are in great demand in various applications.
LA manufacturing from renewable resources through biorefinery processes has gained …

Solvent extraction one of the oldest approaches of separation known, remains one of the
most well-known methods operating on an industrial scale. With the availability of variety of …

The prospective function of a novel energy efficient fermentation technology has been
getting great attention in the past fifty years due to the quick raise in petroleum costs …

Organic acids are important targeted chemicals worldwide due to their variety of
functionalities in various fields. Organic acids can be produced through chemical processes …

Emulsion liquid membranes (ELMs) were first applied to extraction of succinic acid in
simulated media (feed solution) where concentration of succinic acid was as high as that in …

This study aims to investigate the extraction of formic acid by a high molecular-weight
aliphatic amine, tridodecylamine (TDA), and a phosphorus-bonded, oxygen-containing …

Amberlite LA-2 (a secondary amine mixture) has been studied for its ability to extract acrylic
acid at different amine concentrations. The extraction of acrylic acid by Amberlite LA-2 …

Chapter 2 is devoted to properties of solid citric acid and aqueous and organic solutions of it.
Detailed phase equilibria in the citric acid+ water system (melting, freezing, boiling …

Extraction of citric acid (0.595 mol· kg–1) from aqueous solutions has been investigated by
using binary extractant system comprising of trioctylamine (TOA)+ tridodecylamine (TDA) at …

Mandelic acid is a valuable chemical that is commonly used in the synthesis of various
drugs, in antibacterial products, and as a skin care agent in cosmetics. As it is an important …