The growing maturity of nanofabrication has ushered massive sophisticated optical
structures available on a photonic chip. The integration of subwavelength-structured …

As a fundamental optical approach to interferometry, Sagnac interference has been widely
used for reflection manipulation, precision measurements, and spectral engineering in …

In the late nineteenth century, Heinrich Hertz demonstrated that the electromagnetic
properties of materials are intimately related to their structure at the subwavelength scale by …

In the evolution of optical networks, spectral efficiency (SE) enhancement has been the most
cost-efficient and thus the main driver for capacity increase for decades. As a result, the …

Miniaturization of optical spectrometers is important to enable spectroscopic analysis to play
a role in in situ, or even in vitro and in vivo characterization systems. However, scaled-down …

Silicon photonics is playing a key role in areas as diverse as high-speed optical
communications, neural networks, supercomputing, quantum photonics, and sensing, which …

Nanophotonic waveguides that implement long optical pathlengths on chips are promising
to enable chip-scale gas sensors. Nevertheless, current absorption-based waveguide …

dB couplers, which are commonly used in photonic integrated circuits for on-chip information
processing, precision measurement, and quantum computing, face challenges in achieving …

Segmenting silicon waveguides at the subwavelength scale produce an equivalent
homogenous material. The geometry of the waveguide segments provides precise control …

The polarization beam splitter (PBS) is an essential component in the polarization diversity
circuit to overcome the strong polarization dependence of silicon nanophotonic devices …