Physical principles and laws determine the set of possible organismal phenotypes.
Constraints arising from development, the environment, and evolutionary history then yield …

The question of how genetic variation translates into organismal diversity has puzzled
biologists for decades. Despite recent advances in evolutionary and developmental …

Many investigators use the reduced major axis (RMA) instead of ordinary least squares
(OLS) to define a line of best fit for a bivariate relationship when the variable represented on …

The perciform group Labroidei includes approximately 2600 species and comprises some of
the most diverse and successful lineages of teleost fishes. Composed of four major clades …

Vertebrate dentitions originated in the posterior pharynx of jawless fishes more than half a
billion years ago. As gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates) evolved, teeth developed on oral …

Modularity is a ubiquitous feature of organismal design that plays an important role in
structuring patterns of morphological diversification. Modularity can facilitate evolutionary …

Cichlid fishes are a very diverse and species-rich family of teleost fishes that inhabit lakes
and rivers of India, Africa, and South and Central America. Research has largely focused on …

We present a taxonomically complete and topologically robust molecular phylogeny of the
Middle American heroine cichlids based on which we review their diversity and genus-level …

Evolutionary constraints may significantly bias phenotypic change, while “breaking” from
such constraints can lead to expanded ecological opportunity. Ray-finned fishes have …

Cichlid fishes are hypothesized to encompass several independent adaptive radiations that
display increased diversification rates and impressive ecological heterogeneity. Here, I …