Many bats are extremely social. In some cases, individuals remain together for years or even
decades and engage in mutually beneficial behaviours among non-related individuals …

Reciprocity is probably the most debated of the evolutionary explanations for cooperation.
Part of the confusion surrounding this debate stems from a failure to note that two different …

Within-group variation in sociality has been linked to correlates of fitness across vertebrates.
Individuals that form strong social bonds with a few partners, or are well integrated into a …

Hel**, ie behaviour increasing the fitness of others, can evolve when directed towards kin
or reciprocating partners. These predictions have been tested in the context of food sharing …

1University of Maryland* Corresponding author (Email: gcarter@ umd. edu) Citation–Carter,
G.(2014). The reciprocity controversy. Animal Behavior and Cognition, 1 (3), 368-386. doi …

Highlights•We experimentally assess prosocial motivation and mutually beneficial
cooperation.•Prosocial monkeys were better at cooperating in a coordinated string-pulling …

Reciprocity is a ubiquitous and important human trait. Still, the evolutionary origin is largely
unclear, partly because it is believed that our closest living relatives, other primates, do not …

Reciprocity and pseudo‐reciprocity are two important models for the evolution of
cooperation and often considered alternative hypotheses. Reciprocity is typically defined as …

Prosociality can be defined as any behaviour performed to alleviate the needs of others or to
improve their welfare. Prosociality has probably played an essential role in the evolution of …

The debate about the origins of human prosociality has focused on the presence or absence
of similar tendencies in other species, and, recently, attention has turned to the underlying …