Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects peripheral
organs as well as the central nervous system and involves a fundamental role of …

The intestinal mucosa provides a selective permeable barrier for nutrient absorption and
protection from external factors. It consists of epithelial cells, immune cells and their …

The microbiota-gut-brain axis has been suggested to play an important role in Parkinson's
disease (PD). Here we performed a cross-sectional study to profile gut microbiota across …

In Parkinson disease (PD), pathological processes and neurodegeneration begin long
before the cardinal motor symptoms develop and enable clinical diagnosis. In this prodromal …

Although dopamine replacement therapy remains a core component of Parkinson's disease
treatment, the onset of motor fluctuations and dyskinetic movements might require a range of …

Growing evidence suggests an increasing significance for the extent of gastrointestinal tract
(GIT) dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD). Most patients suffer from GIT symptoms …

The study of the intestinal or gut microbiome is a newer field that is rapidly gaining attention.
Bidirectional communication between gut microbes and the host can impact numerous …

Impaired gastrointestinal motility is associated with gut dysbiosis. Probiotics, such as
Bifidobacteria, can improve this bowel disorder; however, efficacy is strain-dependent. We …

This article describes research criteria and probability methodology for the diagnosis of
prodromal PD. Prodromal disease refers to the stage wherein early symptoms or signs of PD …

Abstract Introduction We showed that Parkinson's disease (PD) patients have alpha‐
synuclein (α‐Syn) aggregation in their colon with evidence of colonic inflammation. If PD …