The malignant tumor is a multi-etiological, systemic and complex disease characterized by
uncontrolled cell proliferation and distant metastasis. Anticancer treatments including …

Lymph nodes (LNs) are important hubs for metastatic cell arrest and growth, immune
modulation, and secondary dissemination to distant sites through a series of mechanisms …

Angiogenesis is a crucial process for tissue development, repair, and tumor survival.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key driver secreted by cancer cells …

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) represents a growth factor with important pro-
angiogenic activity, having a mitogenic and an anti-apoptotic effect on endothelial cells …

The lymphatic system, composed of initial and collecting lymphatic vessels as well as lymph
nodes that are present in almost every tissue of the human body, acts as an essential …

Lymphatic vessels maintain tissue fluid homeostasis by returning to blood circulation
interstitial fluid that has extravasated from the blood capillaries. They provide a trafficking …

Endothelial cells (ECs) are more than inert blood vessel lining material. Instead, they are
active players in the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) both in health and (life …

Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are best known for their involvement in
orchestrating the development and maintenance of the blood and lymphatic vascular …

Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF) is one of the most important growth factors for
regulation of vascular development and angiogenesis. Since bone is a highly vascularized …

The lymphatic vasculature plays a crucial role in regulating the inflammatory response by
influencing drainage of extravasated fluid, inflammatory mediators, and leukocytes …