The Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota is a terrestrial lagerstätte that contains exceptionally well-
preserved fossils indicating the origin and early evolution of Mesozoic life, such as birds …

Organisms may retain nonfunctional anatomical features as a consequence of evolutionary
natural selection. Resultant atavistic and vestigial anatomical structures have long been a …

The dual jaw joint of Morganucodon, consists of the dentary–squamosal joint laterally and
the articular–quadrate one medially. The articular–quadrate joint and its associated post …

Among extant vertebrates, mammals are distinguished by having a chain of three auditory
ossicles (the malleus, incus and stapes) that transduce sound waves and promote an …

The middle ear ossicles in modern mammals are repurposed from postdentary bones in non-
mammalian cynodonts. Recent discoveries by palaeontological and embryonic studies have …

Cimolodontan multituberculates are common in the Late Cretaceous and Paleocene of
central Asia; they are rarely known from regions south of the Mongolian plateau. Here, we …

ABSTRACT A small piece of cartilage or bone, the element of Paaw, occurs in the tendon of
the stapedius muscle in some extant marsupial and placental mammals. It has been nearly a …

Based on high-resolution computed tomography scanning, we provide new insights into the
inner ear and stapedial morphology of Morganucodon from the Early Jurassic of St Brides …

Abstract Among the Late Cretaceous fossil sites of Europe, only those from the so-called
“Haţeg Island” in Transylvania, western Romania, are remarkable by their abundance in …

The multituberculate assemblage from the Early Cretaceous Khovoor locality in Mongolia,
based on the study of 112 specimens in PIN collection, includes three taxa: arginbaatarid …