Obesity is a complex, chronic disease and global public health challenge. Characterized by
excessive fat accumulation in the body, obesity sharply increases the risk of several …

As the principal tissue for insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, skeletal muscle is a primary
driver of whole-body glycemic control. Skeletal muscle also uniquely responds to muscle …

The 1921 discovery of insulin was a Big Bang from which a vast and expanding universe of
research into insulin action and resistance has issued. In the intervening century, some …

The increased global prevalence of obesity over the last 40‐years has driven a rise in
prevalence of obesity‐related co‐morbidities, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) …

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common female condition typified by reproductive,
hyperandrogenic, and metabolic features. Polycystic ovary syndrome is a genetic condition …

The discovery of insulin 100 years ago and its application to the treatment of human disease
in the years since have marked a major turning point in the history of medicine. The …

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at high risk for macrovascular
complications, which represent the major cause of mortality. Despite effective treatment of …

Cardiovascular disease remains the principal cause of death and disability among patients
with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus exacerbates mechanisms underlying …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an expanding global health problem, closely linked to
the epidemic of obesity. Individuals with T2DM are at high risk for both microvascular …

NADPH oxidases (NOX) are enzyme complexes that have received much attention as key
molecules in the development of vascular dysfunction. NOX have the primary function of …