Crustacean aquaculture, dominated by shrimp, is a highly profitable food‐producing sector
in the world. However, a variety of biotic and abiotic stressors can have adverse effect on the …

Immune responses in vertebrates are classically divided into innate and adaptive, with only
the latter being able to build up immunological memory. However, although lacking adaptive …

Recent epidemiological studies have shown that, in addition to disease-specific effects,
vaccines against infectious diseases have nonspecific effects on the ability of the immune …

Oysters, the common name for a number of different bivalve molluscs, are the worldwide
aquaculture species and also play vital roles in the function of ecosystem. As invertebrate …

Parasites and infectious diseases are everywhere and represent some of the most potent
forces sha** the natural world. They affect almost every aspect imaginable in the life of …

Recent data suggest that the human body is not such a neatly self-sufficient island after all. It
is more like a super-complex ecosystem containing trillions of bacteria and other …

Evidence for innate immune memory (or 'priming') in invertebrates has been accumulating
over the last years. We here provide an in-depth review of the current state of evidence for …

Between fifty and ten thousand years ago, most large mammals became extinct everywhere
except Africa. Slow-breeding animals also were hard hit, regardless of size. This unusual …

▪ Abstract Evolutionary ecology seeks to understand the selective reasons for the design
features of the immune defense, especially with respect to parasitism. The molecular …

Mosquito midgut invasion by ookinetes of the malaria parasite Plasmodium disrupts the
barriers that normally prevent the gut microbiota from coming in direct contact with epithelial …