Steroid hormones are responsible for the coordinated regulation of many aspects of
biological processes in multicellular organisms. Since the last century, many studies have …

Herbivorous insects represent the most species-rich lineages of metazoans. The high rate of
diversification in herbivorous insects is thought to result from their specialization to distinct …

Around 150 million years ago, eusocial termites evolved from within the cockroaches, 50
million years before eusocial Hymenoptera, such as bees and ants, appeared. Here, we …

A major challenge in biology is determining how evolutionarily novel characters originate;
however, mechanistic explanations for the origin of new characters are almost completely …

Insects, like all eukaryotes, require sterols for structural and metabolic purposes. However,
insects, like all arthropods, cannot make sterols. Cholesterol is the dominant tissue sterol for …

Woolly mammoths and living elephants are characterized by major phenotypic differences
that have allowed them to live in very different environments. To identify the genetic changes …

The vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster is a pivotal model for invertebrate development,
genetics, physiology, neuroscience, and disease. The whole family Drosophilidae, which …

Steroid hormones are responsible for coordinating many aspects of biological processes in
most multicellular organisms, including insects. Ecdysteroid, the principal insect steroid …

Few clades of plants have proven as difficult to classify as cacti. One explanation may be an
unusually high level of convergent and parallel evolution (homoplasy). To evaluate support …

Highlights•Link between host plant adaptation and resistance evolution was critically
assessed.•No clear causal relationship was found between both evolutionary …