Oil palm plantations have expanded rapidly in recent decades. This large‐scale land‐use
change has had great ecological, economic, and social impacts on both the areas converted …

Oil palm is a highly profitable crop adapted to the humid tropics and the area devoted to this
crop is likely to expand significantly in the future. It has many environmentally favourable …

Most palm oil currently available in global markets is sourced from certified large-scale
plantations. Comparatively little is sourced from (typically uncertified) smallholders. We …

Oil palm plantations are intensively managed agricultural systems that increasingly
dominate certain tropical regions. Oil palm monocultures have been criticized because of …

The suitability of agricultural matrices to support biodiversity, including birds, varies
depending on agricultural land-use. In Southeast Asia, monoculture plantations of oil palm …

Rapid land-use change in the tropics causes dramatic losses in biodiversity and associated
functions. In Sumatra, Indonesia, lowland rainforest has mainly been transformed by …

Historically, orangutans (Pongo spp.) lived in large contiguous areas of intact rainforest.
Today, they are also found in highly modified and fragmented landscapes dominated by oil …

Biodiversity has been devastated globally in the past hundred years, largely because of land
conversion and agricultural intensification. Conversion of tropical forest to oil palm …

Conversion of tropical forests and diverse multicrop agricultural land to commercial
monocultures is a conservation concern worldwide. In northeast India, landscapes under …

At the expense of irreversible biodiversity loss, industrial modern agriculture is expanding in
tropical regions. The conversion of forests to large scale monoculture plantations has …