This chapter provides an overview of current efforts in the theory and modeling of CMEs.
Five key areas are discussed:(1) CME initiation;(2) CME evolution and propagation;(3) the …

Collisionless plasma shocks are efficient sources of nonthermal particle acceleration in
space and astrophysical systems. We use hybrid (kinetic ion—fluid electron) simulations to …

Hydrodynamical simulations of a cold dark matter universe imply relative motion of fully
ionized gaseous baryonic matter. Using the dispersion relation for the Weibel instability in …

We present an idealized model simulating the coupled evolution of the distributions of
multispecies shock-accelerated energetic ions and interplanetary Alfvén waves in gradual …

We present simulation results of a gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) event detected on
2021 October 9 by multiple spacecraft, including BepiColombo (Bepi) and near-Earth …

Aims. We model the energetic storm particle (ESP) event of 14 July 2012 using the energetic
particle acceleration and transport model named 'PArticle Radiation Asset Directed at …

An analytical quasilinear theory is presented for the evolution of a" gradual" event consisting
of solar energetic particles (SEPs) accelerated at an evolving coronal/interplanetary shock …

This review presents the fundamentals of the particle acceleration processes active in
interstellar medium (ISM), which are essentially based on the so-called Fermi mechanism …

Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) are accelerated at the forward shocks of supernova remnants
(SNRs) via diffusive shock acceleration (DSA), an efficient acceleration mechanism that …

We present a semi-analytical kinetic calculation of the process of non-linear diffusive shock
acceleration (NLDSA) which includes the magnetic field amplification due to cosmic ray …