In addition to determining biological sex, sex hormones are known to influence health and
disease via regulation of immune cell activities and modulation of target-organ susceptibility …

Autoimmune diseases are characterized by circulating antibodies and immune complexes
directed against self-tissues that result in both systemic and organ-specific inflammation and …

Estrogen rapidly activates the mitogen-activated protein kinases, Erk-1 and Erk-2, via an as
yet unknown mechanism. Here, evidence is provided that estrogen-induced Erk-1/-2 …

Estrogen triggers rapid yet transient activation of the MAPKs, extracellular signal-regulated
kinase (Erk)-1 and Erk-2. We have reported that this estrogen action requires the G protein …

Sex differences in the biology of different organ systems and the influence of sex hormones
in modulating health and disease are increasingly relevant in clinical and research areas …

The structures of membrane receptors mediating rapid, nongenomic actions of steroids have
not been identified. We describe the cloning of a cDNA from spotted seatrout ovaries …

Globally, cardiovascular disease will continue causing most human deaths for the
foreseeable future. The consistent gender gap in life span of approximately 5.6 yr in all …

Previous work in the endocrine and neuroendocrine fields has viewed the androgen
receptor (AR) as a transcription factor activated by testosterone or one of its many …

The biological activity of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone is thought to occur
predominantly through binding to the androgen receptor (AR), a member of the nuclear …

The production, differentiation, and presence of male gametes represent inimitable
challenges to the immune system, as they are unique to the body and appear long after the …