There are several types of surgeries which use lasers in the operating room. Surgeons use
lasers in general surgery or surgical specialties to cut, coagulate, and remove tissue. In …

In modern medicine, lasers are increasingly utilized for treatment of a variety of pathologies
as interest in less invasive treatment modalities intensifies. The physics behind lasers allows …

It is hard to imagine that a narrow, one-way, coherent, moving, amplified beam of light fired
by excited atoms is powerful enough to slice through steel. In 1917, Albert Einstein …

Port wine stains (PWS) are the most common vascular malformation of the skin, occurring in
0.3% to 0.5% of the population. Noninvasive laser irradiation with flashlamp-pumped pulsed …

Absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of in-vivo human skin provide critical
information on non-invasive skin diagnoses for aesthetic and clinical purposes. To date, very …

Background Since the early '80s, the pulsed dye laser has been the standard treatment tool
for non‐invasive port wine stain (PWS) removal. In the last three decades, a considerable …

Background and Objectives Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown potentially beneficial
results in treating port-wine stain, but its benefit–risk profile remains undefined. This study …

We develop a superficial diffusing probe with a 3 mm source-detector separation that can be
used in combination with diffuse optical spectroscopic (DOS) methods to noninvasively …

Abstract Background and Objectives Port wine stains are congenital low‐flow vascular
malformations of the skin. Unlike hemangiomas, PWS do not involute with time, but rather if …

Background Vascular-acting photodynamic therapy (PDT) might be an alternative approach
for treating port wine stain (PWS) birthmarks, but the usefulness of PDT for pediatric patients …