A large body of evidence has demonstrated that exposure to childhood maltreatment at any
stage of development can have long-lasting consequences. It is associated with a marked …

Early life stressors display a high universal prevalence and constitute a major public health
problem. Prolonged psychoneurobiological alterations as sequelae of early life stress (ELS) …

Persistent depressive disorder is a chronic mood disorder that is common and often more
disabling than episodic major depression. In DSM-5, the term subsumes several chronic …

In the past two decades, much evidence has accumulated unequivocally demonstrating that
child abuse and neglect is associated with a marked increase in risk for major psychiatric …

Early life stress (ELS; sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, and
emotional neglect) has been the focus of numerous studies. It has been associated with the …

Background A dose-dependent effect of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) on the
course and severity of psychiatric disorders has been frequently reported. Recent evidence …

BackgroundA large literature has long focused on the role of trauma in childhood and risk for
psychological disorders in adulthood. Despite several studies performed, to date, it is not …

Objectives: Evidence suggests that childhood maltreatment may negatively affect not only
the lifetime risk of depression but also clinically relevant measures of depression, such as …

Traumatic events increase the risk of depression, but there is also evidence that adversity
can lead to posttraumatic growth, including increased compassion and prosocial behavior …

Background: Comorbidity of depressive and anxiety disorders is common and has been
shown to be a consistent predictor of chronicity. Comorbidity patterns among specific …