Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may leave long-lasting neurobiological scars,
increasing the risk of develo** mental disorders in later life. However, no review has …

How do our brains determine whether something is good or bad? How is this computational
goal implemented in biological systems? Given the critical importance of valence processing …

The concept that intestinal microbial composition not only affects the health of the gut, but
also influences centrally-mediated systems involved in mood, is supported by a growing …

Stress is a major growing concern in our day and age adversely impacting both individuals
and society. Stress research has a wide range of benefits from improving personal …

HIGHLIGHTS Psychological stress activates neuroendocrine pathways that alter immune
responses. Stress-induced alterations in microglia phenotype and monocyte priming leads …

The impact of stress on brain function is increasingly recognized. Various substances are
released in response to stress and can influence distinct neuronal circuits, but the functional …

Stress is a part of every life to varying degrees, but individuals differ in their stress
vulnerability. Stress is usefully viewed from a biological perspective; accordingly, it involves …

The locus coeruleus norepinephrine (LC-NE) system plays a broad role in learning and
memory. Here we begin with an overview of the LC-NE system. We then consider how both …

BACKGROUND: Acute psychological stress impairs higher-order cognitive function such as
working memory (WM). Similar impairments are seen in various psychiatric disorders that …

Individuals may show different responses to stressful events. Here, we investigate the
neurobiological basis of stress resilience, by showing that neural responsitivity of the …