Enzymes that catalyze the biotransformation of drugs and xenobiotics are generally referred
to as drug‐metabolizing enzymes (DMEs). DMEs can be classified into two main groups …

The reactivity of the cobalt-carbon bond in cobalamins is the key to their chemical versatility,
supporting both methyl transfer and isomerization reactions. During evolution of higher …

NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CPR) serves as the electron donor to almost all
eukaryotic cytochromes P450. It belongs to a small family of diflavin proteins and is built of …

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin, Cbl) is an essential nutrient in human metabolism. Genetic
diseases of vitamin B12 utilisation constitute an important fraction of inherited newborn …

Diflavin reductases are enzymes which emerged as a gene fusion of ferredoxin (flavodoxin)
reductase and flavodoxin. The enzymes of this family tightly bind two flavin cofactors, FAD …

S-adenosylmethionine is involved in many processes, mainly methylation, polyamine
synthesis and radical-based catalysis. It is synthesised through the catalysis of differently …

Abstract Vitamin B12 (cobalamin, Cbl) is required as a cofactor by two human enzymes, 5‐
methyltetrahydrofolate‐homocysteine methyltransferase (MTR) and methylmalonyl‐CoA …

Distinct isoforms of FAD-containing ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase (FNR) and ferredoxin
(Fd) are involved in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic electron transfer systems. The …

Abstract NAD (P) H-dependent electron-transfer (ET) systems require three functional
components: a flavin-containing NAD (P) H-dehydrogenase, one-electron carrier and metal …

Cytochromes P450 contain a heme center where the activation of molecular oxygen occurs,
resulting in the insertion of a single atom of oxygen into an organic substrate with the …