Background Adaptive shifts in gut microbiome composition are one route by which animals
adapt to seasonal changes in food availability and diet. However, outside of dietary shifts …

Body size is a key determinant of male fighting ability and reproductive success in many
animal species, but relationships between these variables have only rarely been examined …

Early-life microbial colonization is an important process sha** host physiology, 1, 2, 3
immunity, 4, 5, 6 and long-term health outcomes 7, 8, 9, 10 in humans. However, our …

Objectives Great apes show considerable diversity in socioecology and life history, but
knowledge of their physical growth in natural settings is scarce. We characterized linear …

Socioecological factors are associated with life-history patterns and growth trajectories
among primates. Under certain conditions, selection may favor a temporal decoupling of …

Objectives In many taxa, adverse early‐life environments are associated with reduced
growth and smaller body size in adulthood. However, in wild primates, we know very little …

Life history theory addresses how organisms balance development and reproduction.
Mammals usually invest considerable energy into growth in infancy, and they do so …

Parallel-laser photogrammetry is growing in popularity as a way to collect non-invasive body
size data from wild mammals. Despite its many appeals, this method requires researchers to …

Among mammals, primipara who initiate reproduction before full maturity can be constrained
in their maternal investment, both due to fewer somatic resources and tradeoffs between …

The timing of female maturation in wild mammals is often constrained by ecological
variables that relate to food acquisition. However, maturational timing in female mammals …