The development of techniques and systems for indicating routes in outdoor and indoor
spaces has received a great deal of attention. While outdoor route planning is based on …

With the increasing popularity of indoor positioning system technologies, many applications
have become available that allow moving objects to be monitored and queried on the basis …

Usually, disasters occur over a relatively short time anytime and anywhere. Most
occupancies do not have absolute knowledge about the prevention or safety consciousness …

Purpose With the rapid development of the indoor spaces positioning technologies such as
the radio-frequency identification (RFID), Bluetooth and WI-FI, the locations of indoor spatial …

The privacy of the trajectories of indoor space users is just as important as that of the users
of outdoor spaces. Many users of indoor spaces consider it very important to maintain the …

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous workplaces, organisations, and public venues
closed their doors. Recently, many have reopened under social distancing restrictions …

An indoor trajectory is the path of an object moving through corridors and stairs inside a
building. There are various types of technologies that can be used to reconstruct the path of …

Recently great loss of life and property is occurring because of fire, natural disaster, earth
quake, tsunami and so on. People spend 80~ 90% of their time indoor environment like …

Nearest neighbor (kNN) is a spatial query where its main aim is to find k nearest object
around a query point. This query has been widely used in outdoor environment to obtain …

The tracking of spatial objects in indoor location-based services is becoming increasingly
important for many applications. However, much research has focused only on querying and …