While the importance of mutualisms across the tree of life is recognized, it is not understood
why some organisms evolve high levels of dependence on mutualistic partnerships, while …

Mutualisms are ubiquitous in nature despite the widely held view that they are unstable
interactions. Models predict that mutualists might often evolve into parasites, can abandon …

Proportional and separate models able to apply different combination of substitution rate
matrix (SRM) and among‐site rate variation model (ASRVM) to each locus are frequently …

Throughout the natural world, organisms have responded to predators, inadequate
resources, or inclement conditions by forming ongoing mutually beneficial partnerships--or …

Background DNA barcoding, ie the use of a 648 bp section of the mitochondrial gene
cytochrome c oxidase I, has recently been promoted as useful for the rapid identification and …

Ants are increasingly being recognized as useful tools for land managers to monitor
ecosystem conditions. However, despite an abundance of studies on ant responses to both …

The application of different substitution models to each gene (aka mixed model) should be
considered in model‐based phylogenetic analysis of multigene sequences. However, a …

Ecosystems are multifunctional and provide humanity with a broad array of vital services.
Effective management of services requires an improved evidence base, identifying the role …

Avian parents and social insect colonies are victimized by interspecific brood parasites—
cheats that procure costly care for their dependent offspring by leaving them in another …

DNA barcoding aims to accelerate species identification and discovery, but performance
tests have shown marked differences in identification success. As a consequence, there …