Concrete is a composite material that is widely used in the construction industry due to its
excellent mechanical and physical properties. Despite these benefits, concrete possesses …

Volcanic ashes are pyroclastic materials commonly found in many regions of the world.
Many deposits of volcanic ashes are unexploited, despite their potential interest for several …

In marine environments, traditional ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and reinforced concrete
structures are prone to corrosion, reducing their durability and service life dramatically …

Pozzolanic reaction of volcanic ash with hydrated lime is thought to dominate the cementing
fabric and durability of 2000-year-old Roman harbor concrete. Pliny the Elder, however, in …

In light of global warming and the rising urban population across the world, freshwater is
becoming a scarce commodity. Freshwater consumption in the production of concrete …

A complex analysis of engineering properties of concrete containing natural zeolite as
supplementary cementitious material in the blended Portland-cement based binder in an …

Abstract Ancient Roman syntheses of Al-tobermorite in a 2000-year-old concrete block
submerged in the Bay of Pozzuoli (Baianus Sinus), near Naples, have unique aluminum-rich …

Calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) or calcium aluminum silicate hydrate (CASH) are the primary
binding phases of Portland and blended cementitious systems. This study investigated the …

The central purpose of this book is to present literary, archaeological, and analytical data
concerning Roman concrete structures built in the sea, with particular focus on the highly …

The material characteristics and elastic properties of aluminum‐substituted 11 Å tobermorite
in the relict lime clasts of 2000‐year‐old Roman seawater harbor concrete are described …